The destruction of wood under the influence of fire is very active, and this factor is fundamental when choosing a method of processing materials for construction. Fire resistance of wood can increase the fire retardant treatment of wooden structures with a non-combustible composition of high quality, corresponding to the OKPD and OKVED codes. For this purpose, impregnations are used that preserve the structure of the tree, increasing its resistance to fire and the service life. These compounds include flame retardants.
- The principle of operation of flame retardants
- Coating Classification
- Varnishes and paints
- Impregnating agents
- How to choose the right composition
- Coating Certification
The principle of operation of flame retardants
The presence in the tree structure of a significant concentration of flame retardants prevents the ignition of the material.
This fire-retardant effect is based on the fact that during the interaction of fire and wood certain chemical processes occur, the results of which help protect the material from fire. Such a process may be the melting of boric and phosphoric salts. Strong heating of the material coated with a substance with similar elements leads to the appearance on the surface of the film of a fused composition that blocks the flow of oxygen.
Part of the heat generated is spent on the reflow of the flame retardant, which leads to an increase in the temperature necessary for ignition and, therefore, to protect the structure.
Compositions containing elements which, when heated, produce gases resistant to fire, are also used as a fire retardant coating. These include ammonia or sulfur dioxide. In the process of interaction with fire, gases resistant to fire repel oxygen, preventing the subsequent burning of wood.
to contents ↑Coating Classification
Substances intended to prevent the ignition of building materials are divided into coatings that protect against burning, and compositions for impregnation. In acts OKPD and OKVED they are present under one code. The first type includes various varnishes and paints. To the second - fire retardant impregnation.
Varnishes and paints
Varnish and colorful coatings usually hide the wonderful structure of wood, thereby reducing its aesthetic properties. That is why they are used in the processing of wooden elements hidden from the eyes of man.
Impregnating agents
Means for impregnation not only perfectly preserve the texture of wood and its quality, increasing the life of the materials, but also emphasize the natural beauty and peculiarity, which is why they are most common.
Fire retardant impregnations are divided into soluble by water and soluble by organic elements. Organically soluble formulations require the use of solvents that are flammable and most hazardous to humans. The use of water-soluble impregnations does not require special control, and they are more popular due to their safety and ease of use.
Water-soluble protective compositions for leaching their elements from the structure of wood are divided into easily washed, washed, difficult to wash and not washed. In OKPD they appear under the code 24.66.48.250. The use of impregnation mainly occurs for the treatment of structures not subject to constant or prolonged exposure to water.
Due to this, easily washed and leachable products gained wide popularity.
On the construction market, formulations with a complex effect, combining both fire-fighting qualities and antiseptic properties, have gained great popularity. Such measures help protect the building from burning and biological destruction, as well as significantly extend the life of the structure.
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How to choose the right composition
For wooden buildings that require special control and are in the most prone to fire conditions, it is customary to apply the protective impregnation of the highest group. Such structures, as a rule, are subject to more thorough inspection and must meet the toughened fire safety requirements. Compounds that perform final tinting of wood are very convenient to use.
For elements located indoors, it is advisable to use compositions that do not change the shade of wood. The impregnation can be painted immediately before processing the material, which allows you to control the shade of the final result.
When choosing wood impregnation, it is important to pay attention to the pH-values of the composition. In some enterprises, impregnations that are close in quality to pH to concentrated acids can be found. The use of substances with such a composition can cause great harm to human health if the requirements for the conditions of their storage and use are violated.
to contents ↑When choosing a protective coating for a wooden house, it is best to contact a specialist who has a license for protective work. The requirement for the company to have the OKPD and OKVED codes must be met.
Coating Certification
All the means used for fire protection of buildings must meet the requirements of SNIP, be subject to mandatory certification and have an act on sanitary and epidemiological inspection.
Inspection and certification are based on the quality indicators of the documentation, which lists the mandatory safety requirements and the properties of the product under study. This check is carried out when passing the sanitary-epidemiological assessment at the enterprise.
Conducting a processing check, as a rule, occurs at least once a year. However, the frequency can be specified in the act of instruction, then it must be performed according to this requirement.
There is an act of classification of operations of the general government sector (KOSGU), which helps to classify operations by articles to simplify the work of government bodies. According to KOSGU, fire-retardant treatment of wooden structures refers to Article No. 225, which is designated as “Works, services for the maintenance of property”. 226 article of KOSGU “Other works, services” should include the costs associated with the provision of fireproofing services for buildings.
Activities based on fireproofing services for structures can also be found in the OKPD and OKVED acts.
Many well-known collection of codes OKVED is an act in which codes are indicated for each type of activity of companies. According to OKVED fire-retardant treatment can be attributed to code 45.45, in OKVED it is presented as “Production of other finishing and finishing work”.
In the collection of OKPD codes, a code 45.32.12.130 is assigned to a similar occupation. In the OKPD Act, it is designated as “Fire Protection Work”.
Protecting wood from the effects of fire is a rather laborious process, but necessary. He needs a serious approach and the implementation of careful control over the condition of the treated surface, as well as careful compliance with fire safety requirements.
Timely processing of the structure with high quality composition will help not only revive its appearance, but also extend the life of the building.
